Perseus Constellation

The constellation of Perseus is a large constellation located in the northern celestial hemisphere. It is named after the legendary Greek hero, Perseus.

Key Facts & Summary

  • The constellation of Perseus is among the first 48 Greek constellations, listed by the famous astronomer, Ptolemy, in his 2nd century Almagest.
  • Perseus is now among the 88 modern constellations, where it holds the title of the 24th largest constellation in the sky, stretching for around 615 square degrees.
  • There are only two Messier Objects located in the constellation of Perseus, the open cluster Messier 34, and the planetary nebula Messier 76.
  • There are also two meteor showers associated with the constellation of Perseus, the Perseids, and the September Perseids.
  • The brightest star in Perseus is the supergiant star Mirfak / Alpha Peresi, which has an apparent magnitude of 1.806, and it also hosts an exoplanet.
  • Currently, around 7 stars in Perseus have been confirmed to host exoplanets.
  • The constellation of Perseus contains many interesting stars, among them, there is Mirfak, the brightest star in the constellation, Algol, the demon star, Phi Persei, Delta Persei,  Psi Persei, 48 Persei, Epsilon Persei, 29 Persei, 30 Persei, 31 Persei, 34 Persei, Iota Persei, Zeta Persei, Atik, X Persei, V518 Persei, V718 Persei, GK Persei, Menkhib, Gorgonea Tertia, S Persei, RS Persei, or the DY Persei, among many others.
  • Perseus also contains many interesting deep-sky objects as well, such as the NGC 869 and NGC 884 globular clusters, the California Nebula, the reflection nebula NGC 1333, the Perseus Molecular Cloud, the spiral galaxy NGC 1023, the lenticular galaxy NGC 1260, or The Perseus Cluster of galaxies.
  • The best time to observe the stars and deep-sky objects in Perseus is during the month of December when it is the most prominent.

Perseus Constellation

The constellation of Perseus is one of the oldest Greek constellations, first listed by Ptolemy, in his 2nd century Almagest. The constellation is named after the legendary Greek hero Perseus, who beheaded the monster, Medusa.

In Greek mythology, Perseus was the son of Danae, an Argive princess, and Zeus, the supreme Greek god. Perseus was sent by King Polydectes to bring the head of Medusa, the Gorgon – whose visage caused all who looked at her, to turn to stone.

Perseus managed to kill Medusa in her sleep. From her neck, the mythical winged horse Pegasus, and the warrior Chrysaor, appeared. Perseus used Pegasus to reach the realm of Cepheus, whose daughter, Andromeda, was to be sacrificed to the sea monster, Cetus.

Perseus rescued Andromeda by using Medusa’s head to petrify Cetus, he then turned Polydectes and his followers to stone as well and appointed Dictys, the man who raised Perseus since he was young, the fisherman king.

Perseus and Andromeda married, and they had six sons, one of which, namely Perses, is said to be the founder and ancestor of the kings of Persia. In the sky, Perseus and Andromeda are near one another, with Andromeda’s parents Cepheus and Cassiopeia, the monster Cetus, and the winged horse Pegasus, also being close to these constellations.

Perseus is commonly depicted as holding the head of Medusa in one hand, and a jeweled dagger in the other. Medusa’s head is represented in the sky by the “demon star” Algol, which is designated as Beta Persei.

Location

The constellation of Perseus is located in the northern celestial hemisphere. Perseus is the 24th largest constellation in the sky, out of the 88 modern constellations, stretching for around 615 square degrees.

Perseus is located in the first quadrant of the northern hemisphere (NQ1), and it is prominent during the northern hemisphere’s spring. Perseus can be seen at latitudes between +90o and -35o, and it is best viewed during the month of December.

  • Right Ascension: 3h
  • Declination: +45o
  • Visible: between +90o and -35o
  • Best Viewed: at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during December

The constellation of Perseus is bordered by the constellations of Andromeda, Aries, Auriga, Camelopardalis, Cassiopeia, Taurus, and Triangulum.

The constellation of Perseus is part of the Perseus family of constellations, along with Andromeda, Auriga, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Cetus, Lacerta, Pegasus, and Triangulum.

Messier Objects in the Constellation of Perseus

The constellation of Perseus hosts only two Messier objects, namely the open cluster Messier 34, and the planetary nebula Messier 76, also known as the Little Dumbbell Nebula.

Messier 34

Messier 34, also designated as NGC 1039, is an open cluster located at around 1,500 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.5.

Messier 34 contains over 400 stars, and it has a radius of around 7.5 light-years. This cluster is between 200 to 250 million years old, similar to the Pleiades, or Hyades clusters. It can be seen with the naked eye under the right conditions.

Messier 76

Messier 76, also designated as NGC 650/651 and known as the Little Dumbbell Nebula, or Barbell Nebula, and Cork Nebula, is a planetary nebula located at around 2,500 light-years away from us.

Messier 76 has an apparent magnitude of +10.1, and it stretches for around 1.23 light-years. The nebula has a surface temperature of around 88,400 K, or 15.2 times hotter than our Sun, and it is approaching us with a speed of 19.1 km / 11.8 mi per second.

Notable Stars in the Constellation of Perseus

The constellation of Perseus contains many interesting stars, among them, there is Mirfak, the brightest star in the constellation, Algol, the famous demon star, Phi Persei, Delta Persei,  Psi Persei, 48 Persei, Epsilon Persei, 29 Persei, 30 Persei, 31 Persei, 34 Persei, Iota Persei, Zeta Persei, Atik, X Persei, V518 Persei, V718 Persei, GK Persei, Menkhib, Gorgonea Tertia, S Persei, RS Persei, or the DY Persei, among many others.

The brightest star in Perseus is the supergiant star Mirfak / Alpha Peresi, which has an apparent magnitude of 1.806, and it also hosts an exoplanet. Currently, around 7 stars in Perseus have been confirmed to host exoplanets.

Mirfak

Mirfak, designated as Alpha Persei, is the brightest star in the constellation of Perseus, and around the 35th brightest star in the night sky, with an apparent magnitude of 1.806.

Mirfak is a supergiant F-type star, similar to Procyon A, and its spectrum has served as one of the anchor points by which other stars are classified since 1943.

Mirfak has around 850% of our Sun’s mass, 6,800% of its radius, and it is hotter, having temperatures of around 6,350 K. Mirfak is more than 120 times bigger than our Sun.

This star is located amid a cluster of stars, the Alpha Persei Cluster, and one exoplanet is speculated to orbit Mirfak, which would have at least 660% of Jupiter’s mass.

Algol – The Demon Star

Algol, designated as Beta Persei, and colloquially known as the Demon Star, is a multiple star system located in Perseus. It has an apparent magnitude of 2.12, which sometimes drops to magnitude 3.4 every 2.86 days.

Algol is one of the first non-nova variable stars to be discovered, and its variability gives its name to a class of eclipsing variable stars, known as Algol variables.

Algol is probably the most famous star in Perseus, and it is located at around 90 light-years away from our Solar System. Three stars can be distinguished in the Algol star system, and they are designated as Beta Persei Aa1, Aa2, and Ab.

The primary star, Beta Persei Aa1, is the most luminous star, and hotter than Beta Persei Aa2. They pass in front of each other regularly and result in eclipses.

Beta Persei Aa1 has around 317% of our Sun’s mass, 273% of its radius, and it is 182 times brighter than our Sun. This star is also more than twice as hot as our Sun, with temperatures reaching 13,000 K.

Atik

Atik, designated as Omicron Persei, is a triple star system located at around 1,100 light-years away from Earth. It has a combined apparent magnitude of 3.83.

The primary star, Atik, is a giant B-type star, that has around 1,550% of our Sun’s mass, and it is 61,869 times brighter than our Sun. This star is also a fast spinner having a rotational velocity of around 90 km / 55.9 mi per second.

Menkhib

Menkhib, designated as Xi Persei,  is a blue giant star located at around 1,200 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 4.04.

Menkhib’s ultraviolet light makes it 263,000 times brighter than our Sun, and it also contributes to the fluorescence of the California Nebula / NGC 1499, located in the Perseus constellation.

Menkhib has around 2,600% of our Sun’s mass, 1,400% of its radius, and it is 6.05 times hotter than our Sun, having temperatures of around 35,000 K. It is also a fast-spinning star, with a rotational velocity recorded at 220 km / 136.7 mi per second.

Gorgonea Tertia

Gorgonea Tertia, designated as Rho Persei, is an M-type bright giant star, and it is the third member of the quartet called the Gorgonea, in reference to the Gorgons from the legend of Perseus.

Gorgonea Tertia is located at around 308 light-years away from us, and it has an apparent magnitude of +3.39. It is a semiregular variable star, whose apparent magnitude varies between 3.3 and 4.0, with periods of 50,120, and 250 days.

Gorgonea Tertia has around 500% of our Sun’s mass ( but it is losing mass fastly), 15,000% of our Sun’s radius (thus it is 300 times bigger), and it is 2,290 times brighter than our Sun.

Gamma Persei

Gamma Persei is a binary star located at around 243 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 2.93, making it the fourth brightest member of the Perseus constellation.

The primary star, Gamma Persei A, has around 270% of our Sun’s mass, and it is cooler than our Sun, having temperatures of around 5,170 K. The secondary star, Gamma Persei B, has 165% of our Suns mass, and it is hotter, with temperatures reaching 7,895 K.

Delta Persei

Delta Persei is a double star located at around 520 light-years away from our Solar System. It has a combined apparent magnitude of 3.01, being the second-brightest star in Perseus.

The primary star, Delta Persei A, has around 700% of our Sun’s mass, 1,050% of its radius ( thus it is 21 times bigger than our Sun), and it is almost three times hotter than our Sun, with temperatures reaching 14,890 K. Delta Persei is also a fast-spinning star, having a rotational velocity of around 190 km / 118 mi per second.

Miram

Miram, designated as Eta Persei, is a binary star, however, its brightest component is part of a triple star system. Miram is located at around 780 light-years away, and it has an apparent magnitude of 3.79.

Miram is a K-type supergiant star, that has around 13,400% of our Sun’s radius, making it 268 times bigger than our Sun, and it is 4,130 times brighter than our Sun. No one knows who named Eta Persei as Miram.

Misam

Misam, designated as Kappa Persei, is the brightest star in a triple star system located at around 112.7 light-years away from us. It has a combined apparent magnitude of 3.80.

Misam is an evolved G-type giant star, that has around 150% of our Sun’s mass, 900% of its radius, and it is 39.8 times brighter than our Sun. Misam is also similar in age to our Sun, being 4.58 billion years old.

Nu Persei

Nu Persei is a yellow-white hued F-type star, located at around 560 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 3.80, similar to Misam / Kappa Persei.

Nu Persei has around 501% of our Sun’s mass, 2,062% of its radius, and it is 603.6 times brighter than our Sun. This star is quite young, being only 109 million years old.

Phi Persei

Phi Persei is a binary star located at around 720 light-years away from us. It has a combined apparent magnitude of 4.06, and it consists of a blue main-sequence star and a hot subdwarf star.

Phi Persei is also a Gamma Cassiopeia variable star, with its brightness varying from magnitude 3.96 to 4.11. The primary star has around 1,010% of our Sun’s mass, 550% of its radius, and it is 41,783 times brighter than our Sun.

Life near the double-star system of Phi Persei is never dull, as this illustration shows. Taken from the perspective of one of the Hubble Space Telescope observations of Phi Persei, this artist’s depiction provides a taste of the double- star system’s unstable existence.

Phi Persei A is also a hot star, being 5.5 times hotter than our Sun, with temperatures reaching 32,090 K. This star is an incredibly fast-spinning star, having a rotational velocity of around 440 km / 273.4 mi per second. Because of this rotation, the star is deformed – while its polar radius is 550% greater than our Sun’s, its equatorial radius is 800% greater.

The secondary star, Phi Persei B, has 114% of our Sun’s mass, 130% of its radius, and it is 9.1 times hotter than our Sun, with temperatures reaching 53,000 K.

Psi Persei

Psi Persei is a Be star, having a circumstellar disk of dust that envelopes it. The star is located at around 580 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 4.310.

Psi Persei is a B-type main-sequence star that has around 470% of our Sun’s radius, thus it is more than five times bigger. It is also around three times hotter than our Sun, having temperatures of around  16,053 K.

Psi Persei is a fast-spinning star, having a rotational velocity of around 390 km / 242 mi per second. Because of this, it is surrounded by a circumstellar disk of dust that extends to more than 11 times the star’s radius.

Gorgonea Quarta

Gorgonea Quarta, designated as Omega Persei, is an orange-hued evolved K-type giant star, located at around 288 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of +4.614.

Gorgonea Quarta is the fourth member of the quartet called the Gorgonea, in reference to the Gorgons from the legend of Perseus. This giant star has around 204% of our Sun’s mass, 1,900% of its radius, and it is 144.5 times brighter than our Sun.

Gorgonea Secunda

Gorgonea Secunda, designated as Pi Persei, is an A-type main-sequence star located at around 303 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 4.70.

Gorgonea Secunda is moving further away from us, at a speed of around +14 km / +8.6 mi per second. This star has around 207% of our Sun’s mass, 480% of its radius, and it is 170 times brighter than our Sun.

Gorgonea Secunda is also hotter than our Sun, having temperatures of around 9,290 K, and it is also a fast-spinning star, with a rotational velocity of around 186 km / 115.5 mi per second.

Due to its high rotational velocity, the star’s equatorial bulge is 6% wider than its polar radius. The star is only 272 million years old.

1 Aurigae

1 Aurigae is a K-type aging giant star, located at around 500 light-years away from us. It’s designation “Aurigae” was a simple mistake back from when it was first cataloged.

1 Aurigae has an apparent magnitude of 4.89. It has around 149% of our Sun’s mass, 4,400% of its radius, and it is 561 times brighter than our Sun.

X Persei

X Persei is a high-mass X-ray binary star system located at around 2,600 light-years away from us. The combined apparent magnitude of this star system is 6.778.

X Persei is an O-type Be star, as it is surrounded by a circumstellar disk of dust, due to its high rotational speed of 215 km / 133.5 mi per second. This star is also classified as a Gamma Cassiopeiae variable, as its brightness varies from magnitude 6 to 7. The companion of X Persei is a neutron star that is a pulsar.

X Persei has around 1,550% of our Sun’s mass, 650% of its radius, and it is 29,000 times brighter than our Sun. This star is also hotter, with surface temperatures reaching 29,500 K.

GK Persei

GK Persei, also known as Nova Persei 1901, was a bright nova that was observed in 1901. It reached a magnitude of 0.2, which was the brightest nova of modern times until the nova Aquilae 1918 occurred. The star that exploded was 1,560 light-years away from us.

GRO J0422+32

GRO J0422+32 is an X-ray nova and black hole candidate that was discovered in 1992. It has an apparent magnitude of 13.2, and it is located at around 7,800 light-years away from us.

S Persei

S Persei is a red supergiant or hypergiant star located near the Double Cluster in Perseus, situated at 7,900 light-years away from us. This star has an apparent magnitude of 9.23, however, its brightness is very unpredictable, varying from 7.9 to 12.0, at chaotic rates.

S Persei is among the largest stars known to us, having 2,000% of our Sun’s mass, and a whopping 136,400% of our Sun’s radius, making it more than 2,600 times bigger than our Sun.

RS Persei

RS Persei is a red supergiant star located at around 5,100 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 7.82, which varies down to magnitude 10.0.

RS Persei has around 1,500% of our Sun’s mass, 49,100% of our Sun’s radius, making it around 900 times bigger than our Sun, and it is 33,000 times brighter than our Sun.

 DY Persei

DY Persei is a variable carbon star located at around  1,500 parsecs from us. It has an apparent magnitude that varies from magnitude 10.5 to 16.0.

DY Persei has excesses of carbon relative to oxygen in its spectrum, which causes dramatic changes in the atmospheric chemistry that is visible in its spectrum. It is one of the very rare DY Persei Class of variables, that pulsate like red variables but also fade from sight like R Coronae Borealis variables.

Epsilon Persei

Epsilon Persei is a multiple star system located at around 640 light-years away from us. It has a combined apparent magnitude of +2.88, making it visible to the naked eye, and one of the brightest stars in Perseus.

Epsilon Persei A, which is the primary star, is a B-type main-sequence star that is fusing hydrogen in its core. It has around 1,350% of our Sun’s mass, 766% of its radius, and it is 28,330 times brighter than our Sun. This star is also more than four times hotter than our Sun, with temperatures reaching 26,500 K.

In addition to this, the star is also a fast spinner, having a rotational velocity of 155 km / 96.3 mi per second. One of its companion star’s has an even greater rotational velocity. It is around 300 km / 186.4 mi per second.

29 Persei

29 Persei is a blue-white hued B-type main-sequence star, which is part of the Alpha Persei Cluster. It is located at around 640 light-years away from us, and it has an apparent magnitude of 5.16.

29 Persei in optical light

29 Persei has around 680% of our Sun’s mass, 390% of its radius, and it is 960 times brighter than our Sun. This star is also three times hotter than our Sun, having temperatures of around, 16,143 K, and it is also a fast-spinning star, with a rotational velocity recorded at 120 km / 74.5 mi per second.

30 Persei

30 Persei is a binary star located at around 730 light-years away from us. It has a combined apparent magnitude of 5.49. The primary star is a member of the Perseus OB3 association, a group of stars that share the same motion through space, and origin.

The primary star, 30 Persei, is a B-type main-sequence star that has around 424% of our Sun’s mass, it is 611 brighter than our Sun, and it is also a fast-spinning star, with a rotational velocity of 212 km / 131.7 mi per second.

31 Persei

31 Persei is a B-type main-sequence star,  located at around 560 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.05. This star has around 464% of our Sun’s mass, 340% of its radius, and it is 950 times brighter than our Sun.

31 Persei is also hotter than our Sun, reaching temperatures of around 15,301 K, and it is also a fast-spinning star, with a rotational velocity of around 260 km / 161.5 mi per second.

34 Persei

34 Persei is a binary star located at around 540 light-years away from us. It has a combined apparent magnitude of 4.67. The primary star is a B-type main-sequence star.

The primary star, 34 Persei, has around 690% of our Sun’s mass, 310% of its radius, and it is 671 times brighter than our Sun. This star is also a fast-spinning star, having a rotational velocity of 200 km / 124.2 mi per second. 34 Persei is around three times hotter than our Sun, with temperatures recorded at around 16,421 K.

48 Persei

48 Persei, also known as c Persei, is a Be star located at around 480 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 4.03. It is visible to the naked eye under the right conditions.

48 Persei is spinning so fast that it is enveloped by a circumstellar disk of dust. Its rotational velocity is estimated at around 197 km / 122 mi per second.

48 Persei has around 750% of our Sun’s mass, and it is 600 times brighter than our Sun. This star is more than three times hotter than our Sun, with temperatures reaching 17,490 K.

Deep-sky Objects Located in the Constellation of Perseus

The constellation of Perseus contains many interesting deep-sky objects, apart from the aforementioned Messier Objects, there are the NGC 869 and NGC 884 globular clusters, the California Nebula, the reflection nebula NGC 1333, the Perseus Molecular Cloud, the spiral galaxy NGC 1023, the lenticular galaxy NGC 1260, or The Perseus Cluster of galaxies.

The galactic plane of the Milky Way passes through Perseus, however, it is much less obvious since it is mostly obscured by molecular clouds.  The Perseus Arm is a spiral arm of our galaxy that stretches across the sky from the constellation of Cassiopeia through Perseus and Auriga to Gemini and Monoceros.

The best time to observe the stars and deep-sky objects in Perseus is during the month of December when it is the most prominent in the night sky.

Double Cluster – NGC 869 & NGC 884

The Double Cluster located in Perseus consists of the open clusters NGC 869 and NGC 884. They are located at around 7,500 light-years away from us and have an apparent magnitude of 3.7 and 3.8 respectively.

More than 300 blue-white supergiant stars are located in both clusters. NGC 869 has a mass of around 3,700 solar masses, while NGC 884, is at around 2,800 solar masses.

The California Nebula

The California Nebula, designated as NGC 1499, is an emission nebula located at around 1,000 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.0.

The star Menkhib / Xi Persei makes the California Nebula fluorescent, due to its energy. It nebula is named California since it transits in the zenith in central California as the latitude matches the declination of the object.

NGC 1333

NGC 1333 is a reflection nebula located at around 967 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.6.  The nebula is located in the western part of the Perseus molecular cloud, and it is a young region of very active star formation.

The Perseus Molecular Cloud

The Perseus Molecular Cloud is a giant molecular cloud located at around 1,000 light-years away from us. It contains over 10,000 solar masses of gas and dust covering an area of 6 by 2 degrees.

NGC 1023

NGC 1023 is a barred spiral galaxy and a member of the NGC 1023 group of galaxies in the Local Supercluster. This galaxy is located at around 19 million light-years away from us, and it has an apparent magnitude of 10.35.

NGC1023 Pixi LRGB

NGC 1260

NGC 1260 is a spiral or lenticular galaxy located at around 250 million light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 14.3. It is a member of the Perseus Cluster.

The Perseus Cluster

The Perseus Cluster, designated as Abell 426, is a cluster of galaxies, and it is among the most massive objects in the known universe, containing thousands of galaxies immersed in a vast cloud of multimillion-degree gas.

The Perseus Cluster is located at around 240 million light-years away from us, and its brightest member is the Seyfert galaxy designated as NGC 1275.

Alpha Persei Cluster

The Alpha Persei Cluster, also known as Melotte 20, or Collinder 39, is an open cluster located at around 650 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 1.2, being visible to the naked eye.

This cluster has many blue B-type stars, with its brightest member being the white-yellow supergiant Mirfak / Alpha Persei.

3C 83.1B

3C 83.1B, also designated as NGC 1265, is a Fanaroff and Riley class 1 radio galaxy, and it is a member of the Perseus Cluster. It has an apparent magnitude of 13.22.

NGC 1275

NGC 1275, also known as Perseus A, or Caldwell 24, is a type 1.5 Seyfert galaxy located at around 237 million light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 12.6, being the brightest member of the Perseus Cluster of galaxies.

The behemoth galaxy NGC 1275, also known as Perseus A, lies at the centre of Perseus Galaxy Cluster. By combining multi-wavelength images into this single composite, the dynamics of the galaxy become visible. Detail and structure from optical, radio and X-ray wavelengths have been combined for an aesthetically pleasing image which shows the violent events in the galaxy’s heart. NGC 1275 is an active galaxy well-known for its radio source (Perseus A) and is a strong emitter of X-rays due to the presence of the supermassive black hole in its centre. Hubble data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys covers visible-light wavelengths and is shown in the red, green and blue. Radio data from NRAO’s Very Large Array at 0.91 m was also used. In this composite image, dust lanes, star-forming regions, hydrogen filaments, foreground stars, and background galaxies are contributions from the Hubble optical data. The X-ray data contributes to the soft but violet shells around the outside of the centre. The pinkish lobes toward the centre of the galaxy are from radio emission. The radio jets from the black hole fill the X-ray cavities. Chandra data from the ACIS covers X-ray wavelengths from 0.1771 to 4.133 nm (0.3-7 KeV).

NGC 1058

NGC 1058 is a type 2 Seyfert galaxy in the NGC 1023 Group of galaxies. It is located at around 27.4 million light-years away from us, and it has an apparent magnitude of 11.82.

IC 348

IC 348 is a star-forming region in the constellation of Perseus, located at around 1,028 light-years away from us. It has an apparent magnitude of 7.3. It consists of nebulosity and an associated 2 million-year-old cluster of around 400 stars.

Meteor Showers Associated with the Constellation of Perseus

There are only two meteor showers associated with the constellation of Perseus, namely the Perseids, and the September Perseids.

The Perseids are a prominent annual meteor shower that occurs from mid-July, while peaking between 9 and 14 August each year. The shower’s parent body appears to be the comet Swift-Tuttle.

This meteor shower has been observed for over 2,000 years. The September Perseids were discovered fairly recently, in 2012, and they are a meteor shower with an unknown parent body in the Oort Cloud.

Did you know?

  • The name Perseus is derived from the Greek word “pertho” – which means “to destroy”. In Greek mythology, Perseus was the hero who founded the ancient city of Mycenae.
  • In Neo-Assyrian Babylonia (911 to 605 BC), the constellation of Perseus was known as the Old Man constellation – SU.GI. – it was then associated with the East in the MUL.APIN.
  • There are four Chinese constellations contained in the area of the sky where Perseus is situated – they are the Tianchuan – the Celestial Boat, the Jishui – the Swollen Waters, the Dailing – the Great Trench, and the Jishi – the Pile of Corpses.
  • In Polynesia, Perseus was not commonly recognized as a separate constellation. The only people that named it were those of the Society Islands, and they called Perseus Faa-iti – the Little Valley.
  • Algol was knonw as Matohi by the Maori people of New Zealand.

Sources:

  1. Wikipedia
  2. Constellation-guide
  3. Space
  4. Earthsky
  5. Sciencing
  6. Thoughtco

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  15. https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/IDV4OQYMhlaTSnK5ozvkrmI6Z5L8a6oCJ09rpC8kBveSeQbLBu4IADYLAAno0MWmSOuXlvdj_DRlY_DLXpMhEsTJOvlU
  16. https://a4.pbase.com/o3/95/760195/1/88748119.nFn4vk48.Img_6802_cropped.jpg
  17. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Eta_Persei.jpg/640px-Eta_Persei.jpg
  18. https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Algol-1240×620.jpg?189db0&189db0
  19. https://theskylive.com/sky/stars/finder-charts/nu-persei-finder-chart.png?c=1586769946
  20. https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/screen/opo9739a.jpg
  21. https://mw1.google.com/mw-planetary/sky/skytiles_v1/108_44_7.jpg
  22. https://66.media.tumblr.com/5887d0011c54ab03db8f08e94e074f87/tumblr_inline_pmbtort2LJ1rxan1s_1280.png
  23. https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Algol-Gorgonea-Secunda-Gorgonea-Tertia-and-Gorgonea-Quarta.jpg?189db0&189db0
  24. https://earthsky.org/upl/2016/01/capella.jpg
  25. https://jumk.de/astronomie/img/x-persei.jpg
  26. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/GKPersei-MiniSuperNova-20150316.jpg/771px-GKPersei-MiniSuperNova-20150316.jpg
  27. https://blackholes.stardate.org/images/GRO_J0422_32_artist-impression.jpg
  28. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Turner7/publication/258710533/figure/fig1/AS:392567989522437@1470606910743/The-SRC-variable-S-Persei-according-to-the-Digitized-Sky-Survey-Moncrieff-2011_Q640.jpg
  29. https://i.imgur.com/2Pw5ONHl.png
  30. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Tr_2.png
  31. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Tr_2.png
  32. https://theskylive.com/sky/stars/finder-charts/epsilon-persei-finder-chart.png?c=1586709080
  33. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/29_Persei.jpg/640px-29_Persei.jpg
  34. https://theskylive.com/sky/stars/star-images/4/496_800.jpg
  35. https://theskylive.com/sky/stars/star-images/9/989_800.jpg
  36. https://theskylive.com/sky/stars/star-images/10/1044_800.jpg
  37. https://theskylive.com/sky/stars/star-images/10/1087_800.jpg
  38. https://www.astrophoto.at/images/epsPer_starmap.jpg
  39. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/clusters_2_ritter.jpg
  40. https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/eyKKFIe5SCt06yUTfby03Yz3Bt5A7PH9OAsDssqb05fiK21T6SanSGaOxhRzsAD3GKT19ZdERWclXtK7I9kXWkY
  41. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1511/NGC1333_aae.jpg
  42. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/PIA23405-PerseusMolecularCloud-Annotated.jpg
  43. https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/vFIWNljPn4FTeUaLaFpYc0mCm95-9jHADT_UOZrvGuOJBrxWvyowvuZJtkXpV9Ghi8RgEWQ1_cnZ00QsQ3v0vVG5vlx4on87dIaLRa6Kz1MdG0pTyM8y04U6NQ
  44. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/NGC1260_-_hst_13029_20_R814GB625.png
  45. https://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2020/perseus/perseus.jpg
  46. https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Mirfak.jpg?189db0&189db0
  47. https://galaxyzooblog.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/ngc1265_radio_opt.jpg
  48. https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/screen/heic0817b.jpg
  49. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/NGC_1058_-_HST09042_n2-R814GB450.png
  50. https://sites.google.com/site/rickkellysimagesandprose/_/rsrc/1472869100321/home/astrophotography/color-astrophotography/ic-348-readjustment/IC%20348%20RGB%20StackNEW%20AJNRv3-650.jpg
  51. https://www.esa.int/var/esa/storage/images/esa_multimedia/images/2017/08/perseid_meteor_shower/17907680-2-eng-GB/Perseid_meteor_shower.jpg